Querying For Commit File and Package Metadata
There are several ostree and rpm-ostree commands that list file or package data based on either the Commit ID, or Refspec. If Refspec is passed as a parameter, it's the same as passing the most recent commit ID (head) for that branch.
4.1 Commit history
For a host that is freshly installed, there is only one commit in the history for the only branch.
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# ostree log photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal
commit 56ef687f1319604b7900a232715718d26ca407de7e1dc89251b206f8e255dcb4
Date: 2016-06-07 14:06:17 +0000
Version: 1.0_minimal
This commit has no parent; if there was an older commit, it would have been listed too. We can get the same listing (either nicely formatted or raw variant data) by passing the Commit ID. Just the first several hex digits will suffice to identify the commit ID. We can either request to be displayed in a pretty format, or raw - the actual C struct.
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# ostree log 56ef
commit 56ef687f1319604b7900a232715718d26ca407de7e1dc89251b206f8e255dcb4
Date: 2016-06-07 14:06:17 +0000
Version: 1.0_minimal
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# ostree log 56ef --raw
commit 56ef687f1319604b7900a232715718d26ca407de7e1dc89251b206f8e255dcb4
({'version': <'1.0_minimal'>, 'rpmostree.inputhash': <'40ae75453cf7f00b163848676c4b5716511e7515b95fb7b9168004aa97f05dd9'>}, @ay [], @a(say) [], '', '', uint64 1465308377, [byte 0x3c, 0x6b, 0x71, 0x44, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x5e, 0xd5, 0x9d, 0xfc, 0x4a, 0x1c, 0x33, 0x74, 0x96, 0x1d, 0x50, 0xa3, 0x53, 0xd5, 0xf1, 0x20, 0xb4, 0x40, 0xd0, 0x60, 0x35, 0xf2, 0xf8, 0x29, 0xcf, 0x5f], [byte 0x44, 0x6a, 0x0e, 0xf1, 0x1b, 0x7c, 0xc1, 0x67, 0xf3, 0xb6, 0x03, 0xe5, 0x85, 0xc7, 0xee, 0xee, 0xb6, 0x75, 0xfa, 0xa4, 0x12, 0xd5, 0xec, 0x73, 0xf6, 0x29, 0x88, 0xeb, 0x0b, 0x6c, 0x54, 0x88])
4.2 Listing file mappings
This command lists the file relations between the original source Linux Photon filetree and the deployed filetree. The normal columns include file type type (regular file, directory, link), permissions in chmod octal format, userID, groupID, file size, file name.
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# ostree ls photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal
d00755 0 0 0 /
l00777 0 0 0 /bin -> usr/bin
l00777 0 0 0 /home -> var/home
l00777 0 0 0 /lib -> usr/lib
l00777 0 0 0 /lib64 -> usr/lib
l00777 0 0 0 /media -> run/media
l00777 0 0 0 /mnt -> var/mnt
l00777 0 0 0 /opt -> var/opt
l00777 0 0 0 /ostree -> sysroot/ostree
l00777 0 0 0 /root -> var/roothome
l00777 0 0 0 /sbin -> usr/sbin
l00777 0 0 0 /srv -> var/srv
l00777 0 0 0 /tmp -> sysroot/tmp
d00755 0 0 0 /boot
d00755 0 0 0 /dev
d00755 0 0 0 /proc
d00755 0 0 0 /run
d00755 0 0 0 /sys
d00755 0 0 0 /sysroot
d00755 0 0 0 /usr
d00755 0 0 0 /var
Extra columns can be added like checksum (-C) and extended attributes (-X).
root@photon-host [ /usr/share/man/man1 ]# ostree ls photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal -C
d00755 0 0 0 3c6b714407d05ed59dfc4a1c3374961d50a353d5f120b440d06035f2f829cf5f 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /
l00777 0 0 0 389846c2702216e1367c8dfb68326a6b93ccf5703c89c93979052a9bf359608e /bin -> usr/bin
l00777 0 0 0 4344c10bf4931483f918496534f12ed9b50dc6a2cead35e3cd9dd898d6ac9414 /home -> var/home
l00777 0 0 0 f11902ca9d69a80df33918534a3e443251fd0aa7f94b76301e1f55e52aed29dd /lib -> usr/lib
l00777 0 0 0 f11902ca9d69a80df33918534a3e443251fd0aa7f94b76301e1f55e52aed29dd /lib64 -> usr/lib
l00777 0 0 0 75317a3df11447c470ffdd63dde045450ca97dfb2a97a0f3f6a21a5da66f737c /media -> run/media
l00777 0 0 0 97c55dbe24e8f3aecfd3f3e5b3f44646fccbb39799807d37a217e9c871da108b /mnt -> var/mnt
l00777 0 0 0 46b1abbd27a846a9257a8d8c9fc4b384ac0888bdb8ac0d6a2d5de72715bd5092 /opt -> var/opt
l00777 0 0 0 d37269e3f46023fd0275212473e07011894cdf4148cbf3fb5758a7e9471dad8e /ostree -> sysroot/ostree
l00777 0 0 0 6f800e74eed172661278d1e1f09e389a6504dcd3358618e1c1618f91f9d33601 /root -> var/roothome
l00777 0 0 0 e0bead7be9323b06bea05cb9b66eb151839989e3a4e5d1a93e09a36919e91818 /sbin -> usr/sbin
l00777 0 0 0 5d4250bba1ed300f793fa9769474351ee5cebd71e8339078af7ebfbe6256d9b5 /srv -> var/srv
l00777 0 0 0 364fbd62f91ca1e06eb7dbd50c93de8976f2cea633658e2dbe803ce6f7490c09 /tmp -> sysroot/tmp
d00755 0 0 0 1e4f98d92b35c453d8f61e668aea9fae7ca1863f6609db787374b4ad5caf3b2f 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /boot
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /dev
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /proc
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /run
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /sys
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /sysroot
d00755 0 0 0 b072f4b3e995a491c04d88636401ca156e80f103b002d724ae76c07174ee4c74 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /usr
d00755 0 0 0 6e340b9cffb37a989ca544e6bb780a2c78901d3fb33738768511a30617afa01d 446a0ef11b7cc167f3b603e585c7eeeeb675faa412d5ec73f62988eb0b6c5488 /var
By default, only the top folders are listed, but -R will list recursively. Instead of listing over 10,000 files, let's filter to just all files that contain 'rpm-ostree', 'rpmostree' or 'RpmOstree', that must belong to rpm-ostree package itself.
root@photon-host [ /usr/share/rpm-ostree ]# ostree ls photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal -R | grep -e '[Rr]pm-\?[Oo]stree'
l00777 0 0 0 /usr/bin/atomic -> rpm-ostree
-00755 0 0 131104 /usr/bin/rpm-ostree
l00777 0 0 0 /usr/lib/librpmostree-1.so.1 -> librpmostree-1.so.1.0.0
-00755 0 0 104272 /usr/lib/librpmostree-1.so.1.0.0
-00644 0 0 1296 /usr/lib/girepository-1.0/RpmOstree-1.0.typelib
d00755 0 0 0 /usr/lib/rpm-ostree
-00644 0 0 622 /usr/lib/rpm-ostree/tmpfiles-ostree-integration.conf
-00644 0 0 717 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/rpm-ostree-autovar.conf
d00755 0 0 0 /usr/share/rpm-ostree
-00644 0 0 1132 /usr/share/rpm-ostree/treefile.json
atomic is really an alias for rpm-ostree command. The last file treefile.json is not installed by the rpm-ostree package, it's actually downloaded from the server, as we will see in the next chapter. For now, let's notice "osname" : "photon", "ref" : "photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal", "automatic_version_prefix" : "1.0_minimal", that matches what we've known so far, and also the "documentation" : false setting, that explains why there are no manual files installed for rpm-ostree, and in fact for any package.
root@photon-host [ /usr/share/rpm-ostree ]# ls -l /usr/share/man/man1
total 0
4.3 Listing configuration changes
To diff the current /etc configuration versus default /etc (from the base image), this command will show the Modified, Added and Deleted files:
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# ostree admin config-diff
M mtab
M ssh/sshd_config
M shadow
M hosts
M fstab
M machine-id
A ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
A ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
A ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
A ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
A ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
A ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
A ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
A ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
A ssh/sshd.pid
A tmpfiles.d/postinstall.sh
A udev/hwdb.bin
A resolv.conf
A hostname
A postinstall
A localtime
A .updated
4.4 Listing packages
As expected, there is an rpm-ostree command that lists all the packages for that branch, extracted from RPM database.
root@photon-host [ ~ ]# rpm-ostree db list photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal
ostree commit: photon/1.0/x86_64/minimal (56ef687f1319604b7900a232715718d26ca407de7e1dc89251b206f8e255dcb4)
Linux-PAM-1.2.1-3.ph1.x86_64
attr-2.4.47-3.ph1.x86_64
autogen-libopts-5.18.7-2.ph1.x86_64
bash-4.3.30-4.ph1.x86_64
bc-1.06.95-3.ph1.x86_64
binutils-2.25.1-2.ph1.x86_64
bridge-utils-1.5-2.ph1.x86_64
bzip2-1.0.6-5.ph1.x86_64
ca-certificates-20160109-5.ph1.x86_64
coreutils-8.25-2.ph1.x86_64
cpio-2.12-2.ph1.x86_64
cracklib-2.9.6-2.ph1.x86_64
cracklib-dicts-2.9.6-2.ph1.x86_64
curl-7.47.1-2.ph1.x86_64
db-6.1.26-2.ph1.x86_64
dbus-1.8.8-5.ph1.x86_64
device-mapper-2.02.141-5.ph1.x86_64
device-mapper-libs-2.02.141-5.ph1.x86_64
docker-1.11.0-5.ph1.x86_64
dracut-044-3.ph1.x86_64
dracut-tools-044-3.ph1.x86_64
e2fsprogs-1.42.13-2.ph1.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-0.165-2.ph1.x86_64
expat-2.1.0-2.ph1.x86_64
file-5.24-2.ph1.x86_64
filesystem-1.0-7.ph1.x86_64
findutils-4.6.0-2.ph1.x86_64
flex-2.5.39-2.ph1.x86_64
gdbm-1.11-2.ph1.x86_64
glib-2.47.6-2.ph1.x86_64
glib-networking-2.46.1-2.ph1.x86_64
glibc-2.22-8.ph1.x86_64
gmp-6.0.0a-3.ph1.x86_64
gnutls-3.4.11-2.ph1.x86_64
gobject-introspection-1.46.0-2.ph1.x86_64
gpgme-1.6.0-2.ph1.x86_64
grep-2.21-2.ph1.x86_64
grub2-2.02-4.ph1.x86_64
gzip-1.6-2.ph1.x86_64
hawkey-2014.1-4.ph1.x86_64
iana-etc-2.30-2.ph1.noarch
iproute2-4.2.0-2.ph1.x86_64
iptables-1.6.0-4.ph1.x86_64
iputils-20151218-3.ph1.x86_64
json-glib-1.0.4-2.ph1.x86_64
kmod-21-4.ph1.x86_64
krb5-1.14-4.ph1.x86_64
libarchive-3.1.2-6.ph1.x86_64
libassuan-2.4.2-2.ph1.x86_64
libcap-2.25-2.ph1.x86_64
libffi-3.2.1-2.ph1.x86_64
libgcc-5.3.0-3.ph1.x86_64
libgcrypt-1.6.5-2.ph1.x86_64
libgomp-5.3.0-3.ph1.x86_64
libgpg-error-1.21-2.ph1.x86_64
libgsystem-2015.1-2.ph1.x86_64
libhif-0.2.2-2.ph1.x86_64
librepo-1.7.17-2.ph1.x86_64
libselinux-2.5-2.ph1.x86_64
libsepol-2.5-2.ph1.x86_64
libsolv-0.6.19-2.ph1.x86_64
libsoup-2.53.90-2.ph1.x86_64
libstdc++-5.3.0-3.ph1.x86_64
libtasn1-4.7-2.ph1.x86_64
libtool-2.4.6-2.ph1.x86_64
libxml2-2.9.4-1.ph1.x86_64
linux-4.4.8-6.ph1.x86_64
lua-5.3.2-2.ph1.x86_64
m4-1.4.17-2.ph1.x86_64
mkinitcpio-19-2.ph1.x86_64
mpfr-3.1.3-2.ph1.x86_64
ncurses-6.0-2.ph1.x86_64
net-tools-1.60-7.ph1.x86_64
nettle-3.2-2.ph1.x86_64
nspr-4.12-2.ph1.x86_64
nss-3.21-2.ph1.x86_64
nss-altfiles-2.19.1-2.ph1.x86_64
openssh-7.1p2-3.ph1.x86_64
openssl-1.0.2h-2.ph1.x86_64
ostree-2015.7-5.ph1.x86_64
pcre-8.38-3.ph1.x86_64
photon-release-1.0-5.ph1.noarch
pkg-config-0.28-2.ph1.x86_64
popt-1.16-2.ph1.x86_64
procps-ng-3.3.11-2.ph1.x86_64
python2-2.7.11-4.ph1.x86_64
python2-libs-2.7.11-4.ph1.x86_64
readline-6.3-4.ph1.x86_64
rpm-4.11.2-10.ph1.x86_64
rpm-ostree-2015.7-2.ph1.x86_64
sed-4.2.2-2.ph1.x86_64
shadow-4.2.1-7.ph1.x86_64
sqlite-autoconf-3.11.0-2.ph1.x86_64
systemd-228-21.ph1.x86_64
tcsh-6.19.00-4.ph1.x86_64
util-linux-2.27.1-2.ph1.x86_64
vim-7.4-5.ph1.x86_64
which-2.21-2.ph1.x86_64
xz-5.2.2-2.ph1.x86_64
zlib-1.2.8-3.ph1.x86_64
4.5 Querying for package details
We are able to use the query option of rpm to make sure any package have been installed properly. The files list should match the previous file mappings in 4.2, so let's check package rpm-ostree. As we've seen, manual files listed here are actually missing, they were not installed.
root@photon-host [ /usr/share/man/man1 ]# rpm -ql rpm-ostree
/usr/bin/atomic
/usr/bin/rpm-ostree
/usr/lib/girepository-1.0/RpmOstree-1.0.typelib
/usr/lib/librpmostree-1.so.1
/usr/lib/librpmostree-1.so.1.0.0
/usr/lib/rpm-ostree
/usr/lib/rpm-ostree/tmpfiles-ostree-integration.conf
/usr/share/man/man1/atomic.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/rpm-ostree.1.gz
4.6 Why am I unable to install, update or delete packages?
All the commands executed so far operated in read-only mode. But what if you want to erase or install a package using our old friend rpm? The RPM database is not writable any longer and the file system itself is read-only (except for /var and /etc directories). The idea is that preparing the packages should be done via server tree composition and deployment at host should bring them installed into a new bootable tree that is read-only, recorded into the read-only RPM database. This will insure that all systems deployed are brought into a predictable state and no one could mess with them. In fact, tdnf and yum commands are not even available to install new packages at the host. Even if you bring them over, adding a new package via tdnf install will return an error. But don't get sad. Installing, updating and deleting files & packages the RPM-OSTree way - from the server - that's exactly the topic of next chapters.