The standard syntax for tdnf commands is the same as that for DNF and is as follows:
tdnf [options] <command> [<arguments>...]
You can view help information by using the following commands:
tdnf --help
tdnf -hThis the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.
Standard Syntax for tdnf Commands
1 - tdnf Commands
autoremove [pkg-spec]: This command removes a package with its dependencies. This is similar to the erase/remove command. You can use this command to remove the packages that are no longer needed regardless of the clean_requirements_on_remove option.
autoremove without any arguments removes all automatically installed packages that are no longer required.
check: Checks for problems in installed and available packages for all enabled repositories. The command has no arguments. You can use --enablerepo and --disablerepo to control the repos used. Supported in Photon OS 2.0 (only).
check-local: This command resolves dependencies by using the local RPMs to help check RPMs for quality assurance before publishing them. To check RPMs with this command, you must create a local directory and place your RPMs in it. The command, which includes no options, takes the path to the local directory containing the RPMs as its argument. The command does not recursively parse directories. It checks the RPMs only in the directory that you specify. For example, after creating a directory named /tmp/myrpms and placing your RPMs in it, you can run the following command to check them:
tdnf check-local /tmp/myrpms
Checking all packages from: /tmp/myrpms
Found 10 packages
Check completed without issues
check-update: This command checks for updates to packages. It takes no arguments. The tdnf list updates command performs the same function. Here is an example of the check update command:
tdnf check-update
rpm-devel.x86_64 4.11.2-8.ph1 photon
yum.noarch 3.4.3-3.ph1 photon
clean: This command cleans up temporary files, data, and metadata. It takes the argument all. Example:
tdnf clean all
Cleaning repos: photon photon-extras photon-updates
Cleaning up everything
You can use this command to clean all configured repositories.
You can also use the following sub-commands or arguments to clean specific files:
metadata: This sub-command cleans up downloaded metadata from the repositories.
dbcache: This sub-command cleans up metadata generated from libsolv
packages: This sub-command removes downloaded packages from the cache.
keys: This sub-command removes downloaded keys from the cache.
expire-cache: This sub-command removes the cache expiry marker. This triggers a download of metadata on the next action that needs them.
distro-sync: This command synchronizes the machine’s RPMs with the latest version of all the packages in the repository. The following is an abridged example:
tdnf distro-sync
Upgrading:
zookeeper x86_64 3.4.8-2.ph1 3.38 M
yum noarch 3.4.3-3.ph1 4.18 M
Total installed size: 113.01 M
Reinstalling:
zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.8-2.ph1 244.25 k
zlib x86_64 1.2.8-2.ph1 103.93 k
yum-metadata-parser x86_64 1.1.4-1.ph1 57.10 k
Total installed size: 1.75 G
Obsoleting:
tftp x86_64 5.2-3.ph1 32.99 k
Total installed size: 32.99 k
Is this ok [y/N]:
downgrade: This command downgrades the package that you specify as an argument to the next lower package version. The following is an example:
tdnf downgrade boost
Downgrading:
boost x86_64 1.56.0-2.ph1 8.20 M
Total installed size: 8.20 M
Is this ok [y/N]:y
Downloading:
boost 2591470 100%
Testing transaction
Running transaction
Complete!
To downgrade to a version lower than the next one, you must specify it by name, epoch, version, and release, all properly hyphenated. The following is an example:
tdnf downgrade boost-1.56.0-2.ph1
erase: This command removes the package that you specify as an argument.
To remove a package, run the following command:
tdnf erase pkgname
The following is an example:
tdnf erase vim
Removing:
vim x86_64 7.4-4.ph1 1.94 M
Total installed size: 1.94 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
You can also erase multiple packages:
tdnf erase docker cloud-init
When you remove a package, by default, tdnf does not remove the dependencies that are no longer used if tdnf installed them as dependencies. To remove the dependencies, modify the clean_requirements_on_remove option in the /etc/tdnf/tdnf.conf file to true, or use the autoremove command.
history: This command allows you to record every transaction (commands that install, update, or remove packages) in a database. You can roll back the transactions to a past state, or undo or redo a range of transactions.
There are five sub-commands or arguments that you can use with the history command:
history init/update: The sub-commands init or update initializes the history database. It is recommended that you use these commands right after tdnf is installed. If the database is not already initialized, any altering commands such as install or erase initializes the database.
If the database is already initialized, the commands have no effect unless an application such as an RPM command adds or removes any packages after the last recorded transaction.
history list: This command lists the history of transactions. Note that this result is similar when you use the history command without an argument or sub-command.
The following example shows the use of the command:
# tdnf history
ID cmd line date/time +added / -removed
1 (set) Thu May 05 2022 19:14 +152 / -0
2 -y install less Thu May 05 2022 19:14 +1 / -0
3 -y install lsof Thu May 05 2022 19:18 +2 / -0
You can specify the following options for this sub-command:
--info: Use this option to list a more detailed history that includes added or removed packages.--reverseUse this option to list the history in reverse order.--from <id> and --to <id>: Use this option to list a range of transactions. You can specify the transaction IDs of the range in this option.
The following example shows how to use the options:
# tdnf history --info --from 2 --to 3
ID cmd line date/time +added / -removed
2 -y install less Thu May 05 2022 19:14 +1 / -0
added: less-551-2.ph4.aarch64
3 -y install lsof Thu May 05 2022 19:18 +2 / -0
added: libtirpc-1.2.6-2.ph4.aarch64, lsof-4.91-1.ph4.aarch64
history rollback –to trans_id: This command allows you to revert to a previous state. You must specify the ID of the desired state with the --to parameter.
Example:
# tdnf history rollback --to 49
Upgrading:
curl-devel aarch64 7.82.0-3.ph4 photon-updates 885.16k 906404
curl aarch64 7.82.0-3.ph4 photon-updates 256.73k 262896
...
Total installed size: 3.52M 3688748
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading:
curl-devel 793306 100%
curl 148725 100%
...
Testing transaction
Running transaction
Installing/Updating: rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-9.ph4.aarch64
Installing/Updating: rpm-4.16.1.3-9.ph4.aarch64
...
Complete!
history undo –from trans_id [–to trans_id]: You can use this command to undo a transaction. The parameter --from is mandatory, and the specified transaction in the parameter is reversed. Optionally, you can specify a range with the parameter --to to reverse all the specified transactions. Note that the range you specify is inclusive. For example, if you specify the range as 2 to 4, the transactions in 2, 3, and 4 are reversed.
history redo –from trans_id [–to trans_id]: You can use this command to redo a transaction. The parameter --from is mandatory, and the specified transaction in the parameter is redone. Optionally, you can specify a range with the parameter --to to redo all the specified transactions. The range you specify in the parameters is inclusive.
NOTE
Deltas: When you make changes using history commands, the changes are resolved based on the total deltas between the start and the target states. For each range of transactions, the intermediate states are irrelevant. For example, in a range of transactions where one transaction installs a package and the last one removes the package, the final installed state of the package remains the same from start to end.
Unresolved Packages: If a package is not found, tdnf fails with an error message. For instance, when you roll back to a state before an update, the system might not find all the required installation packages in the repository. In such a case, you can enable the additional repositories to successfully revert.
Example:
The following example shows how the tdnf fails with an error message for the unavilable packages:
# tdnf history rollback --to 1
The following packages could not be resolved:
curl-libs-7.82.0-1.ph4.aarch64
rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-7.ph4.aarch64
...
The package(s) may have been moved out of the enabled repositories since the
last time they were installed. You may be able to resolve this by enabling
additional repositories.
Error(1011) : No matching packages
The following example shows how you can enable the repository to resolve the issue:
tdnf --enablerepo=photon history rollback --to 1
Downgrading:
curl-devel aarch64 7.82.0-1.ph4 photon 885.16k 906404
rpm-build aarch64 4.16.1.3-7.ph4 photon 434.00k 444418
...
Total installed size: 4.26M 4463905
Removing:
wget aarch64 1.21.3-1.ph4 @System 3.02M 3168291
tdnf-test-cleanreq-required aarch64 1.0.1-3 @System 0.00b 0
lsof aarch64 4.91-1.ph4 @System 202.36k 207218
libtirpc aarch64 1.2.6-2.ph4 @System 193.33k 197970
gdb aarch64 10.1-2.ph4 @System 12.60M 13214814
Total installed size: 16.01M 16788293
Is this ok [y/N]:
Transactions outside tdnf: tdnf keeps track of the transactions it performs. However, other tools such as rpm can also add or remove packages. While performing the next transaction, if tdnf detects transactions performed by other tools, it records such transactions as pseudo transactions.
Example:
# tdnf history --info --from 49 --to 49
ID cmd line date/time. +added / -removed
49 (unknown) Thu May 05 2022 23:38 +1 / -0
added: gdb-10.1-2.ph4.aarch64
Dependencies: The undo and redo actions might need to install additional depedencies apart from the previously existing packages. For example, when you redo a transaction that installs a single package which was earlier removed along with its depedencies, the command also attempts to install the dependecies.
Note that this is not an issue for the rollback command because the entire set of packages is restored assuming that the dependecies are also satisfied at the state.
info: This command displays information about packages. It can take the name of a package. Or it can take one of the following arguments: all, available, installed, extras, obsoletes, recent, upgrades. The following are examples:
tdnf info ruby
tdnf info obsoletes
tdnf info upgrades
install: This command takes the name of a package as its argument. It then installs the package and its dependencies.
To install a package, run the following command:
tdnf install pkgname
The following are examples:
tdnf install kubernetes
You can also install multiple packages:
tdnf install python-curses lsof audit gettext chkconfig ntsysv bindutils
wget gawk irqbalance lvm2 cifs-utils c-ares distrib-compat
list: This command lists the packages of the package that you specify as the argument. The command can take one of the following arguments: all, available, installed, extras, obsoletes, recent, upgrades.
tdnf list updates
The list of packages might be long. To more easily view it, you can concatenate it into a text file, and then open the text file in a text editor:
tdnf list all > pkgs.txt
vi pkgs.txt
To list enabled repositories, run the following command:
tdnf repolist
makecache: This command updates the cached binary metadata for all known repositories. The following is an example:
tdnf makecache
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Lightwave 1.0(x86_64)'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Linux 1.0(x86_64)Updates'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Extras 1.0(x86_64)'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Linux 1.0(x86_64)'
Metadata cache created.
mark install|remove pkg_spec: Mark one or more packages as auto installed (remove) or unmark as auto installed (install), which means it is user-installed. This is used to determine if this package gets removed on autoinstall.
provides: This command finds the packages that provide the package that you supply as an argument. The following is an example:
tdnf provides docker
docker-1.11.0-1.ph1.x86_64 : Docker
Repo : photon
docker-1.11.0-1.ph1.x86_64 : Docker
Repo : @System
reinstall: This command reinstalls the packages that you specify. If some packages are unavailable or not installed, the command fails. The following is an example:
tdnf reinstall docker kubernetes
Reinstalling:
kubernetes x86_64 1.1.8-1.ph1 152.95 M
docker x86_64 1.11.0-1.ph1 57.20 M
Total installed size: 210.15 M
repoquery [args]: The repoquery command allows you to query packages from the repositories and installed packages with different criteria and output options. It can take multiple package specifications as arguments.
Example:
$ tdnf repoquery vim
vim-8.2.4925-1.ph4.aarch64
vim-8.2.1361-1.ph4.aarch64
$ tdnf repoquery vim*
vim-8.2.4925-1.ph4.aarch64
vim-8.2.1361-1.ph4.aarch64
vim-extra-8.2.4925-1.ph4.aarch64
vim-extra-8.2.1361-1.ph4.aarch64
$ tdnf repoquery --installed vim
vim-8.2.4925-1.ph4.aarch64
$ tdnf repoquery --requires vim
ld-linux-aarch64.so.1()(64bit)
ld-linux-aarch64.so.1(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
...
The following groups of options are available for repoquery:
select option: Use this option to filter the list of packages. You can use the following parameters with the select option:--available: Use this parameter to show available packages in the repositories.--duplicates: Use this parameter to show duplicate installed packages.--extras: Use this parameter to show the packages that are installed but not in any repositories.--filefile: Use this parameter to show packages that contain the specified files.--installed: Use this parameter to show the installed packages.--userinstalled: Use this parameter to show the user-installed packages.--whatdepends, --whatenhances, --whatobsoletes, --whatprovides, --whatrecommends, whatrequires, --whatsuggests, --whatsupplements capability: Use these parameters to show packages that have the specified dependency on capability.Example:
$ tdnf repoquery --whatrequires vim minimal-0.1-6.ph4.aarch64 vim-extra-8.2.4925-1.ph4.aarch64 minimal-0.1-4.ph4.aarch64
query option: Use this option to control what you want the command to display. The query option lists the selected packages by default. You can use the following parameters to get the required output:--list: Use this parameter to list all files of the selected packages.--depends, --enhances, --obsoletes, --provides, --recommends, requires, requires-pre, --suggests, --supplements: Use these parameters to list specified dependencies.
reoposync: This command synchronizes a remote repository with a local one. By default, all packages are downloaded to a local directory unless they already exist. Optionally, metadata is also downloaded.
You can use the following options with the command:
--delete: Use this option to remove old packages that are not part of the repository any more.
--download-metadata: Use this option to download the metadata. After you download the the metadata, you can use the directory as a repository.
--gpgcheck: Use this option to check the gpg signature. If invalid, the package is deleted.
--norepopath: When you use this option, no subdirectory with the repo name is created. This option is only valid if you configure more than one repository.
--urls: When you use this option, instead of downloading, the URLs of all files are printed to stdout.
--download-path: Use this option to specify the download path. By default, files are downloaded relative to the current directory.
--metadata-path: Use this option to specify the download path. You can download metadata to a different directory.
--arch: Use this option to download specific architectures. You can use this option repeatedly.
--source: Use this option to download only source packages. This option is similar to --arch src. Note that this option is incompatible with the --arch option.
--newest-only: Use this option to download only the latest versions of the repository.
remove: This command removes a package. When removing a package, tdnf by default also removes dependencies that are no longer used if they were was installed by tdnf as a dependency without being explicitly requested by a user. You can modify the dependency removal by changing the clean_requirements_on_remove option in /etc/tdnf/tdnf.conf to false.
tdnf remove packagename
search: This command searches for the attributes of packages. The argument can be the names of packages. The following is an example:
tdnf search docker kubernetes
docker : Docker
docker : Docker
docker-debuginfo : Debug information for package docker
docker : Docker
kubernetes : Kubernetes cluster management
kubernetes : Kubernetes cluster management
kubernetes-debuginfo : Debug information for package kubernetes
kubernetes : Kubernetes cluster management
The argument of the search command can also be a keyword or a combination of keywords and packages:
tdnf search terminal bash
rubygem-terminal-table : Simple, feature rich ascii table generation library
ncurses : Libraries for terminal handling of character screens
mingetty : A minimal getty program for virtual terminals
ncurses : Libraries for terminal handling of character screens
ncurses : Libraries for terminal handling of character screens
bash : Bourne-Again SHell
bash-lang : Additional language files for bash
bash-lang : Additional language files for bash
bash : Bourne-Again SHell
bash-debuginfo : Debug information for package bash
bash : Bourne-Again SHell
bash-lang : Additional language files for bash
updateinfo: This command displays security advisories about packages. The following is an example:
tdnf updateinfo info
Name : unzip-6.0-15.ph3.x86_64.rpm
Update ID : patch:PHSA-2020-3.0-0083
Type : Security
Updated : Fri Apr 24 01:15:03 2020
Needs Reboot: 0
Description : Security fixes for {'CVE-2018-1000035'}
Name : runc-1.0.0.rc9-3.ph3.x86_64.rpm
Update ID : patch:PHSA-2020-3.0-0102
Type : Security
Updated : Tue Jun 9 06:01:28 2020
Needs Reboot: 0
Description : Security fixes for {'CVE-2019-19921'}
Name : ruby-2.5.8-2.ph3.x86_64.rpm
Update ID : patch:PHSA-2020-3.0-0163
Type : Security
Updated : Thu Nov 19 17:21:29 2020
Needs Reboot: 0
upgrade: This command upgrades the package or packages that you specify to an available higher version that tdnf can resolve. If the package is already the latest version, the command returns Nothing to do. The following is an example:
tdnf upgrade boost
Upgrading:
boost x86_64 1.60.0-1.ph1 8.11 M
Total installed size: 8.11 M
Is this ok [y/N]:y
Downloading:
boost 2785950 100%
Testing transaction
Running transaction
Complete!
You can also run the upgrade command with the refresh option to update the cached metadata with the latest information from the repositories. The following example refreshes the metadata and then checks for a new version of tdnf but does not find one, so tdnf takes no action:
tdnf upgrade tdnf --refresh
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Lightwave 1.0(x86_64)'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Linux 1.0(x86_64)Updates'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Extras 1.0(x86_64)'
Refreshing metadata for: 'VMware Photon Linux 1.0(x86_64)'
Nothing to do.
upgrade-to: This command upgrades to the version of the package that you specify. The following is an example:
tdnf upgrade-to ruby2.3
The commands and options of tdnf are a subset of those of dnf. For more help with tdnf commands, see the DNF documentation.
2 - tdnf Command Options
You can add the following options to tdnf commands. If the option to override a configuration is unavailable in a command, you can add it to the /etc/tdnf/tdnf.conf configuration file.
| OPTION | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
| –allowerasing | Allow erasing of installed packages to resolve dependencies |
| –assumeno | Answer no for all questions |
| –best | Try the best available package versions in transactions |
| –debugsolver | Dump data aiding in dependency solver debugging info. |
| –disablerepo= | Disable specific repositories by an id or a glob. |
| –enablerepo= | Enable specific repositories |
| -h, –help | Display help |
| –refresh | Set metadata as expired before running command |
| –nogpgcheck | Skip gpg check on packages |
| rpmverbosity=<debug level name> | Debug level for rpm |
| –version | Displays the tdnf version and exit |
| -y, –assumeyes | Answer yes to all questions |
| -q, –quiet | Quiet operation |
| –downloadonly | Enables you to download the packages and dependencies that are not installed to the cache. |
| –alldeps | Enables you to downloads all dependencies for a package regardless of whether they are installed. This command is valid when used together with –downloadonly command. |
| –downloaddir=dir | Downloads the packages to the specified directory |
| -C, –cacheonly | Disables downloading metadata, and enables usage of the cached metadata even if it is expired. |
| –config file, -c file | Use an alternative configuration file |
| –exclude=package1[,package2[…]] | Enables you to list the packages that you want to exclude from the operations. |
| –disableexcludes | Disables excludes even if the excludes option is present in the configuration file. |
| –disablerepo=pattern | Disables one or more repositories. You can set it to a repoid or a pattern. You can also use it together with --enablerepo, but it is mutually exclusive with --repo/--repoid. For example, tdnf --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=photon list. |
| –enablerepo=pattern | Enables one or more repositories. You can set it to a repoid or a pattern. This command is mutually exclusive with --repo/--repoid. |
| –downloaddir=directory | Specifies a directory where to download the packages. If the directory is not specified, the package is downloaded in the cache directory. You can only use it together with --downloadonly. |
| –installroot=directory | Allows you to install packages relative to this directory. Unless you specify with -c or --config, tdnf uses the following configuration file in this directory: etc/tdnf/tdnf.conf. If the configuration file is not present in this directory, tdnf uses the following configuration file in the host: /etc/tdnf/tdnf.conf. This is the same for the repository configurations. The cache directory is relative to the installroot. Note that the cache directory is created, if necessary. |
| –json, -j | Enables you to get the output information in JSON format. Using tdnf with its alias tdnfj is similar to using tdnf with tdnf -j -y. |
| –noautoremove | Disables automatic removal of orphaned dependencies regardless of the clean_requirements_on_remove option. |
| –repofrompath=repoid,baseurl | Adds a repository with the id repoid and baseurl as the base url. This is equivalent to adding a repository with the repoid and the baseurl. You can reference the repository with the id, for example, with --repoid.Example: You can use this multiple times to add multiple repositories. |
| –repoid id, –repo id | Enables you to select a particular repository based on its ID. For example, --repoid=photon is equivalent to --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=photon. You can specify the repository multiple times. |
| –releasever | Enables you to specify the release version of the distribution. If installed, the version is taken from the package that provides the system-release unless configured otherwise. Setting this is useful while installing the distribution when you use --installroot. |
| –skip-broken | Allows skipping failures if a package is not available or has broken dependencies. |
| –testonly | Tests RPM transactions. Note that this command does not install anything. |
The following is an example that adds the short form of the assumeyes option to the install command:
tdnf -y install gcc
Upgrading:
gcc x86_64 5.3.0-1.ph1 91.35 M
The following is an example for the downloadonly option with the install command:
tdnf install --downloadonly less
Installing:
lessx86_64551-2.ph4 photon234.35k 239976
Total installed size: 234.35k 239976
tdnf will only download packages needed for the transaction
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading:
less117650 100%
Complete!
Packages have been downloaded to cache.
The following is an example for the downloaddir=dir option with the install command:
tdnf install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp less
Installing:
lessx86_64551-2.ph4 photon234.35k 239976
Total installed size: 234.35k 239976
tdnf will only download packages needed for the transaction
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading:
less117650 100%
Complete!
Packages have been downloaded to /tmp.
root [ /build/build ]# ls -l /tmp/less-551-2.ph4.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 117650 Feb 22 18:43 /tmp/less-551-2.ph4.x86_64.rpm