Remediate NSX 4.x

Remediating NSX 4.x for STIG Compliance

Overview

Remediating NSX 4.x for STIG compliance involves configuring the NSX Managers, DFW, and any gateways deployed.

To remediate NSX, Ansible is the automation tool used to interact with the NSX REST API.

Prerequisites

Versions listed below were used for this documentation. Other versions of these tools may work as well but if issues are found it is recommended to try the versions listed here.

Ansible 2.14.2
Install JMESPath for community.general.json_query collection.
An NSX 4.x environment. The environment used in these examples has 1 T0 Gateway configured with BGP to an upstream router and 1 T1 Gateway deployed.
An account with sufficient privileges to configure NSX.

Assumptions

Commands are being ran from a Linux machine.
The DOD Compliance and Automation repository downloaded and extracted to /usr/share/stigs.
Ansible installed and all playbook dependencies resolved as provided in the requirements.yml file in each playbook. Install with ansible-galaxy roles install -r requirements.yml.

Important Considerations

Warning

Please read carefully before proceeding! Some NSX STIG controls can be very impactful to your environment if care is not taken during implementation especially in a brownfield scenario. For example, changing the default DFW rule to deny traffic without first creating rules to allow authorized traffic. Before running it is highly advised to have a backups taken and verified.

Below is a table of controls selected for consideration but all controls should be examined for impact before implementing.

These can be turned on/off by with a variable that must be set to true as a condition for these tasks to run. See Update vars file for more details.

STIG ID	Title	Notes
NDFW-4X-000015	The NSX Distributed Firewall must limit the effects of packet flooding types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
NDFW-4X-000016	The NSX Distributed Firewall must deny network communications traffic by default and allow network communications traffic by exception.	Ensure DFW rules are created to allow authorized traffic.
NDFW-4X-000029	The NSX Distributed Firewall must configure SpoofGuard to restrict it from accepting outbound packets that contain an illegitimate address in the source address.	Develop an operational plan to manage Spoofguard and identity workloads multiple IPs, etc, that may have issues.
NDFW-4X-000034	The NSX Distributed Firewall must configure an IP Discovery profile to disable trust on every use methods.	Develop an operational plan to manage Spoofguard and identity workloads multiple IPs, etc, that may have issues.
NT0F-4X-000015	The NSX Tier-0 Gateway Firewall must manage excess bandwidth to limit the effects of packet flooding types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
NT0F-4X-000016	The NSX Tier-0 Gateway Firewall must deny network communications traffic by default and allow network communications traffic by exception.	Ensure gateway firewall rules are created to allow authorized traffic.
NT0R-4X-000013	The NSX Tier-0 Gateway must be configured to disable Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) on all interfaces that are not required to support multicast routing.	Ensure any gateways that are authorized to enable multicast are listed in the vars file.
NT0R-4X-000027	The NSX Tier-0 Gateway must be configured to have the DHCP service disabled if not in use.	Ensure any gateways that are authorized to enable DHCP are listed in the vars file.
NT0R-4X-000107	The NSX Tier-0 Gateway must be configured to have multicast disabled if not in use.	Ensure any gateways that are authorized to enable multicast are listed in the vars file.
NT1F-4X-000015	The NSX Tier-1 Gateway Firewall must manage excess bandwidth to limit the effects of packet flooding types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
NT1F-4X-000016	The NSX Tier-1 Gateway Firewall must deny network communications traffic by default and allow network communications traffic by exception.	Ensure gateway firewall rules are created to allow authorized traffic.
NT1R-4X-000027	The NSX Tier-1 Gateway must be configured to have the DHCP service disabled if not in use.	Ensure any gateways that are authorized to enable DHCP are listed in the vars file.
NT1R-4X-000107	The NSX Tier-1 Gateway must be configured to have multicast disabled if not in use.	Ensure any gateways that are authorized to enable multicast are listed in the vars file.

Also not all controls are covered by the Ansible playbook and may require manual remediation.

Remediating NSX

Important

The example commands below are specific to the product version and the supported STIG content for the version you are running. Select the example command tabs for the version in your environment.

To remediate NSX we have provided an Ansible playbook that will target an NSX Manager over the REST API and configure any non-compliant controls.

Generate API Session Token

This profile uses Session-Based authentication to authenticate with NSX for auditing. A session token and cookie must be generated and provided an input for the profile. This can be generated in various ways via curl, tools like Postman, etc. For more information see the NSX API Documentation.

Note: If the user is a remote user, append “@domain” to the username, for example, “joe@example.com”. The domain must match a domain for a configured VIDM identity source or a configured LDAP identity source.

Curl example:

curl -k -i -X POST -d 'j_username=admin&j_password=C3.UwJ7TTK1P' https://10.215.77.149/api/session/create

# Example response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
set-cookie: JSESSIONID=A6903A10F3AE7EB328F12EAF796053F5; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
x-xsrf-token: ead781b8-0e0c-456f-a04a-584e9ae2e45a
cache-control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
pragma: no-cache
expires: 0
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-content-type-options: nosniff
content-type: application/json
content-length: 107
date: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 21:39:58 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
content-security-policy: frame-src 'self' blob:; frame-ancestors 'self'
server: envoy

{"roles":[{"role":"superusers","permissions":["read-api","read-write-api","read-cli","read-write-cli"]}]}

curl -k -i -X POST -d 'j_username=admin&j_password=C3.UwJ7TTK1P' https://10.215.77.149/api/session/create

# Example response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
set-cookie: JSESSIONID=A6903A10F3AE7EB328F12EAF796053F5; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
x-xsrf-token: ead781b8-0e0c-456f-a04a-584e9ae2e45a
cache-control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
pragma: no-cache
expires: 0
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-content-type-options: nosniff
content-type: application/json
content-length: 107
date: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 21:39:58 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
content-security-policy: frame-src 'self' blob:; frame-ancestors 'self'
server: envoy

{"roles":[{"role":"superusers","permissions":["read-api","read-write-api","read-cli","read-write-cli"]}]}

Update vars file

In order to run the playbook, environment specific values need to be provided. An example vars file vars-nsx-4x-example.yml is provided.

In order to run the playbook, environment specific values need to be provided. An example vars file vars-nsx-4x-example.yml is provided and values need to be updated for the var_nsx_manager, var_jsession_id, var_session_token, var_ntp_server1, var_ntp_server2 variables at a minimum.

Open the inputs file for editing.

# Navigate to the InSpec profile folder
cd /usr/share/stigs/nsx/4.x/v1r1-stig/ansible/vmware-nsx-4.x-stig-ansible-hardening

# Edit the inputs file
vi vars-nsx-4x-example.yml

# Navigate to the InSpec profile folder
cd /usr/share/stigs/nsx/4.x/v1r1-srg/ansible/vmware-nsx-4.x-stig-ansible-hardening

# Edit the inputs file
vi vars-nsx-4x-example.yml

Update the variables as shown below with values relevant to your environment. Specifically var_nsx_manager, var_jsession_id, var_session_token, var_ntp_server1, var_ntp_server2 variables at a minimum.

# Connection information
var_nsx_manager: '10.180.98.230'
var_jsession_id: 'JSESSIONID=BDE1B5A54690B453F8968293D3C8A1E4'
var_session_token: '1d140509-ee7c-4cbf-9c22-9efdef982631'

# Manager
var_ntp_server1: 'time-a-g.nist.gov'
var_ntp_server2: 'time-b-g.nist.gov'

# DFW
# NDFW-4X-000004
run_dfw_enable_rule_logging: true
# NDFW-4X-000015
run_dfw_flood_protection: true
# NDFW-4X-000016
run_dfw_default_rule_action: false
var_dfw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'
# NDFW-4X-000029
run_dfw_spoofguard_profile: true
# NDFW-4X-000034
run_dfw_ip_discovery_profile: false

# T0 Firewall
# NT0F-4X-000016
run_t0fw_default_rule_action: false
var_t0fw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'

# T0 Router
# NT0R-4X-000013
run_t0rtr_disable_pim_on_interfaces: false
# array of t0 interface ids that should have PIM enabled
var_t0rtr_gateway_interfaces_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier0Interface1
# NT0R-4X-000027
run_t0rtr_disable_dhcp: false
# array of t0 ids that should have dhcp enabled
var_t0rtr_gateways_with_dhcp_enabled: []
# NT0R-4X-000107
run_t0rtr_disable_multicast: true
# array of t0 ids that should have multicast enabled
var_t0rtr_gateways_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier0Gateway1

# T1 Firewall
# NT1F-4X-000016
run_t1fw_default_rule_action: true
var_t1fw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'

# T1 Router
# NT1R-4X-000027
run_t1rtr_disable_dhcp: true
# array of t1 ids that should have dhcp enabled
var_t1rtr_gateways_with_dhcp_enabled: []
# NT1R-4X-000107
run_t1rtr_disable_multicast: true
# array of t1 ids that should have multicast enabled
var_t1rtr_gateways_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier1Gateway1

# Example vars file
# Connection information
var_nsx_manager: '10.180.98.230'
var_jsession_id: 'JSESSIONID=BDE1B5A54690B453F8968293D3C8A1E4'
var_session_token: '1d140509-ee7c-4cbf-9c22-9efdef982631'

# Manager
var_ntp_server1: 'time-a-g.nist.gov'
var_ntp_server2: 'time-b-g.nist.gov'

# DFW
# NDFW-4X-000004
run_dfw_enable_rule_logging: true
# NDFW-4X-000015
run_dfw_flood_protection: true
# NDFW-4X-000016
run_dfw_default_rule_action: false
var_dfw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'
# NDFW-4X-000029
run_dfw_spoofguard_profile: true
# NDFW-4X-000034
run_dfw_ip_discovery_profile: false

# T0 Firewall
# NT0F-4X-000016
run_t0fw_default_rule_action: false
var_t0fw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'

# T0 Router
# NT0R-4X-000013
run_t0rtr_disable_pim_on_interfaces: false
# array of t0 interface ids that should have PIM enabled
var_t0rtr_gateway_interfaces_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier0Interface1
# NT0R-4X-000027
run_t0rtr_disable_dhcp: false
# array of t0 ids that should have dhcp enabled
var_t0rtr_gateways_with_dhcp_enabled: []
# NT0R-4X-000107
run_t0rtr_disable_multicast: true
# array of t0 ids that should have multicast enabled
var_t0rtr_gateways_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier0Gateway1

# T1 Firewall
# NT1F-4X-000016
run_t1fw_default_rule_action: true
var_t1fw_default_rule_action: 'DROP'

# T1 Router
# NT1R-4X-000027
run_t1rtr_disable_dhcp: true
# array of t1 ids that should have dhcp enabled
var_t1rtr_gateways_with_dhcp_enabled: []
# NT1R-4X-000107
run_t1rtr_disable_multicast: true
# array of t1 ids that should have multicast enabled
var_t1rtr_gateways_with_multicast_enabled:
  - Tier1Gateway1

Running the playbook

To run all of the NSX controls, follow the example below.

# Navigate to the InSpec profile folder
cd /usr/share/stigs/nsx/4.x/v1r1-stig/ansible/vmware-nsx-4.x-stig-ansible-hardening

# Run the playbook
ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4x-example.yml

# Output example
PLAY [NSX 4.x Remediation Automation] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [dfw : NDFW-4X-000016 - Find DFW default layer 3 rule] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => {"cache_control": "no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate", "changed": false, "connection": "close", "content_type": "application/json", "cookies": {}, "cookies_string": "", "date": "Mon, 10 Jul 2023 16:49:52 GMT", "elapsed": 0, "expires": "0", "json": {"_create_time": 1688751880285, "_create_user": "system", "_last_modified_time": 1689007787614, "_last_modified_user": "admin", "_protection": "NOT_PROTECTED", "_revision": 1, "_system_owned": false, "action": "ALLOW", "destination_groups": ["ANY"], "destinations_excluded": false, "direction": "IN_OUT", "disabled": false, "display_name": "default-layer3-rule", "id": "default-layer3-rule", "ip_protocol": "IPV4_IPV6", "is_default": true, "logged": true, "marked_for_delete": false, "origin_site_id": "9d96be5a-afca-498c-8c04-8ca4514f7b40", "overridden": false, "owner_id": "9d96be5a-afca-498c-8c04-8ca4514f7b40", "parent_path": "/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section", "path": "/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "profiles": ["ANY"], "realization_id": "aa423bd5-1ab7-41b0-958c-aa101f264df6", "relative_path": "default-layer3-rule", "remote_path": "", "resource_type": "Rule", "rule_id": 2, "scope": ["ANY"], "sequence_number": 2147483647, "services": ["ANY"], "source_groups": ["ANY"], "sources_excluded": false, "unique_id": "aa423bd5-1ab7-41b0-958c-aa101f264df6"}, "msg": "OK (unknown bytes)", "pragma": "no-cache", "redirected": false, "server": "envoy", "status": 200, "strict_transport_security": "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains", "transfer_encoding": "chunked", "url": "https://10.180.98.230/policy/api/v1/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "vary": "Accept-Encoding", "x_content_type_options": "nosniff", "x_envoy_upstream_service_time": "20", "x_frame_options": "SAMEORIGIN", "x_nsx_requestid": "1b66a182-4959-4cbf-8438-ec304ce83c7b", "x_xss_protection": "1; mode=block"}

TASK [dfw : NDFW-4X-000016 - Update DFW default layer 3 rule action to desired value] *********************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [127.0.0.1] => {"cache_control": "no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate", "changed": true, "connection": "close", "content_length": "0", "cookies": {}, "cookies_string": "", "date": "Mon, 10 Jul 2023 16:49:54 GMT", "elapsed": 0, "expires": "0", "msg": "OK (0 bytes)", "pragma": "no-cache", "redirected": false, "server": "envoy", "status": 200, "strict_transport_security": "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains", "url": "https://10.180.98.230/policy/api/v1/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "x_content_type_options": "nosniff", "x_envoy_upstream_service_time": "69", "x_frame_options": "SAMEORIGIN", "x_nsx_requestid": "ce242eda-7340-4097-a72c-ff10ae72c4e8", "x_xss_protection": "1; mode=block"}

# Navigate to the InSpec profile folder
cd /usr/share/stigs/nsx/4.x/v1r1-srg/ansible/vmware-nsx-4.x-stig-ansible-hardening

# Run the playbook
ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4x-example.yml

# Output example
PLAY [NSX 4.x Remediation Automation] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [dfw : NDFW-4X-000016 - Find DFW default layer 3 rule] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => {"cache_control": "no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate", "changed": false, "connection": "close", "content_type": "application/json", "cookies": {}, "cookies_string": "", "date": "Mon, 10 Jul 2023 16:49:52 GMT", "elapsed": 0, "expires": "0", "json": {"_create_time": 1688751880285, "_create_user": "system", "_last_modified_time": 1689007787614, "_last_modified_user": "admin", "_protection": "NOT_PROTECTED", "_revision": 1, "_system_owned": false, "action": "ALLOW", "destination_groups": ["ANY"], "destinations_excluded": false, "direction": "IN_OUT", "disabled": false, "display_name": "default-layer3-rule", "id": "default-layer3-rule", "ip_protocol": "IPV4_IPV6", "is_default": true, "logged": true, "marked_for_delete": false, "origin_site_id": "9d96be5a-afca-498c-8c04-8ca4514f7b40", "overridden": false, "owner_id": "9d96be5a-afca-498c-8c04-8ca4514f7b40", "parent_path": "/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section", "path": "/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "profiles": ["ANY"], "realization_id": "aa423bd5-1ab7-41b0-958c-aa101f264df6", "relative_path": "default-layer3-rule", "remote_path": "", "resource_type": "Rule", "rule_id": 2, "scope": ["ANY"], "sequence_number": 2147483647, "services": ["ANY"], "source_groups": ["ANY"], "sources_excluded": false, "unique_id": "aa423bd5-1ab7-41b0-958c-aa101f264df6"}, "msg": "OK (unknown bytes)", "pragma": "no-cache", "redirected": false, "server": "envoy", "status": 200, "strict_transport_security": "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains", "transfer_encoding": "chunked", "url": "https://10.180.98.230/policy/api/v1/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "vary": "Accept-Encoding", "x_content_type_options": "nosniff", "x_envoy_upstream_service_time": "20", "x_frame_options": "SAMEORIGIN", "x_nsx_requestid": "1b66a182-4959-4cbf-8438-ec304ce83c7b", "x_xss_protection": "1; mode=block"}

TASK [dfw : NDFW-4X-000016 - Update DFW default layer 3 rule action to desired value] *********************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [127.0.0.1] => {"cache_control": "no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate", "changed": true, "connection": "close", "content_length": "0", "cookies": {}, "cookies_string": "", "date": "Mon, 10 Jul 2023 16:49:54 GMT", "elapsed": 0, "expires": "0", "msg": "OK (0 bytes)", "pragma": "no-cache", "redirected": false, "server": "envoy", "status": 200, "strict_transport_security": "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains", "url": "https://10.180.98.230/policy/api/v1/infra/domains/default/security-policies/default-layer3-section/rules/default-layer3-rule", "x_content_type_options": "nosniff", "x_envoy_upstream_service_time": "69", "x_frame_options": "SAMEORIGIN", "x_nsx_requestid": "ce242eda-7340-4097-a72c-ff10ae72c4e8", "x_xss_protection": "1; mode=block"}

A more conservative and preferred approach is to target any non-compliant controls or run each component separately allowed you to perform any functional testing in between.

# Providing the tag "dfw" will instruct the playbook to only run the dfw role. This tag can be seen in each roles task/main.yml file.
> ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4.x-example.yml --tags dfw

# Providing the tag " NDFW-4X-000004" will instruct the playbook to only run task tagged with the STIG ID of  NDFW-4X-000004.
> ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4.x-example.yml --tags NDFW-4X-000004

# Providing the tag "dfw" will instruct the playbook to only run the dfw role. This tag can be seen in each roles task/main.yml file.
> ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4.x-example.yml --tags dfw

# Providing the tag " NDFW-4X-000004" will instruct the playbook to only run task tagged with the STIG ID of  NDFW-4X-000004.
> ansible-playbook playbook.yml -v --extra-vars @vars-nsx-4.x-example.yml --tags NDFW-4X-000004

Last modified August 19, 2024: doc updates for vcf and nsx (97a11996)